Systems, methods, and apparatus for establishing keep out zones within wireless containment regions

ABSTRACT

A system comprising a first transmitter for transmitting a first signal at a first frequency and a second transmitter for transmitting a second signal at a second frequency. The system includes a collar unit comprising a filter for receiving a combined signal, wherein the combined signal comprises the first signal and the second signal, wherein the filter includes a first antenna for detecting the first signal and a second antenna for detecting the second signal. The collar unit includes at least one signal analysis component configured to analyze the first signal and the second signal. The collar unit is configured to instruct a stimulus delivery unit to deliver a stimulus to the animal when the first signal voltage falls below a first value and the second signal voltage exceeds a second value.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

Not applicable

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosure herein involves the inclusion of avoidance zones within a wireless containment system safe zone, under an embodiment.

BACKGROUND

Wired and wireless containment systems generally prevent movement of an animal beyond defined boundaries and free movement of an animal within defined boundaries. There exists a need to include avoidance regions within the safe zones to keep pets away from trash cans, gardens, etc.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

Each patent, patent application, and/or publication mentioned in this specification is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety to the same extent as if each individual patent, patent application, and/or publication was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an avoidance region within a containment system, under an embodiment.

FIG. 2 shows avoidance regions within a containment system, under an embodiment.

FIG. 3 shows signals of a wireless pet containment transmitter, under an embodiment.

FIG. 4 shows signals of a wireless pet containment transmitter and a wireless pet avoidance beacon, under an embodiment.

FIG. 5 shows receipt of wireless pet containment transmitter signals and wireless pet avoidance beacon signals in a collar, under an embodiment.

FIG. 6 shows signals of a wireless pet containment transmitter and a wireless pet avoidance beacon, under an embodiment.

FIG. 7 shows receipt of wireless pet containment transmitter signals and wireless pet avoidance beacon signals in a collar, under an embodiment.

FIG. 8 shows direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) transmission of pet containment transmitter signals and wireless pet avoidance beacon signals, under an embodiment.

FIG. 9 shows de-spreading and separation of pet containment transmitter signals and wireless pet avoidance beacon signals in a collar, under an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Pet owners may experience a variety of problems inside and outside the home caused by pets entering areas that the owner considers off-limits. For example, inside the home, dogs may get into trash cans, cats may climb on tables, and both cats and dogs may climb on couches. Outside the home, dogs and cats may cause destruction to garden areas, breach trash cans, and/or chew on air conditioning lines.

Many of these same pet owners may use containment systems to keep their pets contained within a containment region. There are two basic types of containment systems: wired and wireless. The wired containment system utilizes a magnetic field containment boundary defined by a buried wire. Pickup coils in the collar pick up the magnetic field developed by the current driven through the wire and warn and/or correct the pet when in proximity to the wire. The wireless containment system comprises a containment boundary defined by the magnetic field driven by the coils of a base station transmitter. Pickup coils in the collar pick up the electromagnetic field driven by the transmitter and warn and or correct the pet when the field diminishes to a specified level.

To combat the issue of keeping pets away from small regions, electronic avoidance transmitter beacon/collar systems may be used. Such systems typically operate by producing a magnetic field that is picked up by coils or antenna within pet collars. When the collar receives the avoidance signal, and it is determined to be above a threshold signal strength, it issues one of several types of correction stimuli to the pet to cause the pet to move away from the beacon region. A transmitter beacon/collar avoidance system may be implemented in conjunction with the above referenced wired/wireless pet containment systems. If a pet is being contained by a wired containment system, it is possible to transmit the same type of signal through both the wired containment fence and avoidance beacon. Therefore, if the receiver in the collar picks up the signal from either the containment fence or avoidance beacon, and it is determined to be above a threshold signal strength, the receiver may issue a correction to the pet. This is beneficial as the pet is not required to wear two separate collars and the owner is not required to buy two separate collars.

Wireless containment systems are more complicated. Wireless containment systems issue a correction to the pet upon loss, or decreased signal level of a received transmitter signal. In other words, the presence of a signal determines that the pet is still within the containment region. Creating avoidance regions within the containment region is not as simple as broadcasting a duplicate of the containment signal from a transmitter beacon as this beacon would be an indicator of containment within the boundary. Systems, methods, and apparatus for differentiating between such wireless containment and avoidance signals are described below.

FIG. 1 displays a wireless pet containment area 100 including a wireless pet containment transmitter 102 and a wireless pet containment system receiver 104 located in a collar worn by an animal 106. The transmitter periodically transmits an electromagnetic signal. The magnitude of the transmitted field can vary based upon range settings on the transmitter. The output field strength can be varied to cause receiver activation from 10's of feet to several hundred feet, depending on the user's use case. The receiver 104 receives the periodically transmitted electromagnetic signal when in range of the transmitter. The voltage induced on the receiver coils due to the transmitted signal can be as low as several micro-volts while still being detectable. In one implementation, when the signal level drops to a 10 microvolt threshold level, a correction is issued to the pet. Due to the extremely low signal levels, the receiver typically amplifies the incoming signal through several amplification stages that can gain the signal by 10,000 to over 100,000 to allow proper processing. The carrier signal driven from the transmitter, in one implementation is 18.72 kHz. FIG. 1 shows the animal 106 standing within a safe zone 108, i.e. within transmission range of the transmitter. No stimulus is applied to the animal within the safe zone. As the animal and corresponding receiver move away from the wireless pet containment transmitter (i.e. toward the keep out region 110), the signal from the transmitter may diminish below a certain level. When the signal diminishes below a certain level the receiver 104 applies a negative stimulus to the animal thereby encouraging the animal to return to the safe zone 108. FIG. 1 also shows a wireless pet containment system transmitter avoidance beacon 112 and the range of the avoidance beacon's transmission signal, i.e. the beacon's keep out region 114. The avoidance beacon broadcasts an electromagnetic signal. When the animal 106 and receiver 104 enter the keep out region 114, i.e. when the receiver is in range of the avoidance beacon's transmissions, and the signal strength is determined to be above the signal threshold, the receiver 104 applies a negative stimulus to the animal thereby encouraging the animal to return to the safe zone 108. In one implementation, the threshold for the avoidance beacon will be of a similar 10 microvolt magnitude as the threshold for the wireless transmitter threshold.

FIG. 2 displays a wireless pet containment system 200 including a wireless pet containment transmitter 202 located within house 204 and a wireless pet containment system receiver collar 206 worn by an animal 205. As indicated above, the transmitter periodically transmits an electromagnetic signal. The receiver 206 receives the periodically transmitted signal when in range of the transmitter. FIG. 2 shows the animal 205 standing within a safe zone 208, i.e. within range of the wireless pet containment transmitter 202. No stimulus is applied to the animal within the safe zone. As the animal and corresponding receiver move away from the wireless pet containment transmitter (i.e. toward the keep out region 210), the transmitter signal received by the receiver may diminish below a certain level, the receiver may apply a negative stimulus to the animal thereby encouraging the animal to return to the safe zone 208.

FIG. 2 also shows wireless pet containment system transmitter avoidance beacons 212, 216. As indicated above, beacons periodically transmit an electromagnetic signal. A first beacon 212 is located in a garage 214 and a second beacon 216 is located in a garden 218, under one embodiment. Each beacon's transmission signal defines a keep out zone, i.e. the range of each transmission signal. The keep out zones 220, 224 defined by beacons 212, 216 are located within the safe zone 208 and within range of the wireless pet containment transmitter 202. As the animal enters keep out zone 224, i.e. when the receiver is in range of the avoidance beacon's transmissions, and the signal strength is determined to be above the signal threshold, the receiver 206 applies a negative stimulus to the animal thereby encouraging the animal to return to the safe zone 208. The transmission signal from avoidance beacon 212 similarly creates a keep out zone as already described with respect to beacon 216.

With reference to FIG. 1 , a wireless transmitter avoidance beacon 112 works in conjunction with a wireless pet containment system to implement an avoidance area in which the pet should be corrected. The avoidance area 114 is located within a wireless pet containment region 108. The wireless transmitter avoidance beacon 112 may include a receiver 124 (shown in FIG. 5 ). The receiver 124 detects the containment signal (as transmitted by the wireless pet containment system transmitter 102) and determines the position of gaps within the containment signal. The avoidance beacon 112 then uses the gap information to broadcast a unique avoidance broadcast signal during the gap positions, under an embodiment. The receiver 124 within the avoidance beacon 112 monitors the containment signal and detects start-of-packet and end-of-packet indicators. The packet period is under an embodiment a fixed period of time, the time starting at the first reception of energy and ending when a fixed duration of time has expired. The packet period may be determined by a start and stop data bit combination. The gap period timer begins as soon as the end-of-packet is determined. The gaps extend from end-of-packet indicator to start-of-packet indicator. Upon determination of a gap period, the avoidance beacon starts a delay counter. The delay counter may range from zero to a period of time equal to the gap period minus the time to broadcast the avoidance broadcast signal. Upon expiration of the delay counter, the avoidance beacon broadcasts the avoidance broadcast signal which will complete before the start of the next wireless transmitter packet. Note that the transmission time for the containment packets and gap periods may be known under a transmission protocol. Accordingly, the receiver may simply start transmitting the avoidance signal immediately upon detection of an end of packet indicator or upon such detection plus a predetermined delay.

FIG. 3 shows wireless pet containment system transmitter communications, under an embodiment. FIG. 3 illustrates two data packets 310, 320 approximately spanning time periods of Oms-22 ms and 50 ms-62 ms respectively. (FIG. 3 also shows an enlarged view 340 of the data packet 330). The communication shown in FIG. 3 shows a gap time period 350 between the communication of data packet 310 and data packet 320. As indicated above, the avoidance beacon 112 may use information of the gaps to transmit a unique avoidance broadcast signal during gap positions, under an embodiment.

FIG. 4 shows containment signal communication cycles (data packets) 410, 420 with avoidance signal communication cycles (data packets) 430, 440 broadcast during the containment signal communication gap periods. The signals are broadcast at whatever signal level is needed to create the desired range for the containment system and avoidance region system, respectively.

Under one embodiment, the containment signal frequency is 18 kHz and develops a voltage of 16 microvolts peak at the output of the collar receiver coils 104 before it is gained up by 10,000 to over 100,000, while the avoidance signal frequency is also at 18 kHz and develops a voltage of 8 microvolts peak at the output of the collar receiver 104 coils before it is gained up by 10,000 to over 100,000. The wireless pet containment transmitter 102 and avoidance beacon 112 may transmit signals using unique modulation methods. Modulation methods may include digital modulation, amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, or other modulation methods. Under one embodiment, the wireless pet containment transmitter 102 and avoidance beacon 112 transmit signals using different modulation methods so that the signals may be differentiated by the pet collar receiver without requiring transmission of avoidance signals during gap periods in the containment signal transmissions.

FIG. 5 shows receipt of wireless pet containment transmitter signals and avoidance beacon signals in a collar, under an embodiment. FIG. 5 shows a wireless pet containment system transmitter 102 and an avoidance beacon 112 (as also shown in FIG. 1 ). The avoidance beacon includes receiver 124 under an embodiment. The wireless pet containment system transmitter 102 transmits signal 504 using a first modulation method. The avoidance beacon 112 transmits signal 502 using a second modulation method different from the first method. (The avoidance beacon 112 may or may not transmit data within gaps of the wireless containment signal). The receiver 104 then receives a combined signal. The receiver demodulates the signal. A wireless containment component 520 then analyzes the demodulated wireless containment signal 504. An avoidance beacon component 530 then analyzes the demodulated avoidance beacon signal 502. When the wireless pet containment transmitter 102 and avoidance beacon 112 transmit signals using different modulation methods, the signals may be differentiated by the pet collar receiver without requiring transmission of avoidance signals during gap periods in the containment signal transmissions.

Under an embodiment, the avoidance signals are transmitted during gap periods in the containment signal transmissions as already described above. Under this embodiment, the containment signal includes gap information as described above (e.g., end of packet and start of packet indicators in the signal). The collar receiver may use this information in order to detect the avoidance signal and extract the avoidance signal. The receiver of such embodiment uses gap information to extract the avoidance signal irrespective of modulation method, i.e. whether a common or differing modulation method is used for the containment and avoidance signal. Under one embodiment, the receiver simply looks for the avoidance transmission between end of packet and start of packet indicators. The transmission time for the containment packets, avoidance packets, and gap periods may be known under a transmission protocol. Accordingly, the collar may use this duration information to identify gap periods. Under an embodiment, the collar receiver may measure a duration of the containment packet (which is known according to a transmission protocol). The collar receiver may use this information to identify containment packets (and therefore gap periods) and then look for the alternative beacon signal after cessation of the containment signal (or within gap periods). Further, the receiver may also measure a duration of the avoidance packet (which is known according to a transmission protocol). The collar receiver may then use this measured duration to identify the avoidance signal. Under yet another alternative embodiment, the containment and beacon packets include data which identify the packet. The collar receiver then demodulates each signal and identifies the respective signal as a containment signal or avoidance signal. This particular embodiment may identify containment and avoidance signals when a common modulation scheme is used for the containment signal and the avoidance signal.

When the pet collar receives and detects/analyzes the unique avoidance signal and it is determined that the signal is above a threshold, a stimulus is administered to the pet to discourage the pet from remaining in proximity to the avoidance beacon. Note, that the threshold may be zero, indicating any reception of the unique avoidance signal will cause a stimulus to be applied.

Again with reference to FIG. 1 , a wireless transmitter avoidance beacon 112 works in conjunction with a wireless pet containment system to implement an avoidance area 114 in which the pet should be corrected. The avoidance area 114 is located within a wireless pet containment region 108. The avoidance beacon broadcasts under one embodiment an electromagnetic signal of a different frequency than the frequency of the wireless pet containment transmitter. The receiver 104 may include a filter to separate the avoidance signal broadcasts and containment signal broadcasts. The receiver filters incoming signals to detect an avoidance signal. If an avoidance signal is detected and it is determined that the signal is above a threshold, a stimulus is administered to the pet to discourage the pet from remaining in proximity to the avoidance beacon. Note, that the threshold may be zero, indicating any reception of the unique avoidance signal will cause a stimulus to be applied.

FIG. 6 shows containment signal communication cycles (data packets) 604 and avoidance signal communication cycles (packets) 602 broadcast asynchronously. The containment signal communication frequency 610 and avoidance signal communication frequency 612 are different allowing filtering at the receiver to separate signals. This embodiment eliminates any requirement for the presence of a receiver in the avoidance beacon. In one implementation the carrier signal driven from the transmitter is driven at 18.72 kHz. In this implementation, the avoidance beacon signal is driven at 20.0 kHz.

Two methods are available to differentiate the containment signal from the avoidance signal in the receiver. One method involves separate sets of high-quality-factor (high Q) coil antennas for each distinct frequency. Each set of coils would then feed an amplification and narrowband band-pass filtering path. One path centered on 18.72 kHz and one path centered on 20.0 kHz. The band-pass filtering can be accomplished in hardware or software.

An alternative method involves a single set of lower-quality-factor (lower Q) coil antennas to pick up both frequencies. The single set of coils would be centered on the lower-powered avoidance signal. The higher-powered containment signal would be attenuated 6 to 10 dB in the scenario where the two frequencies are 18.72 kHz and 20 kHz. The coil output would then feed two amplification and narrowband band-pass filtering paths. One path centered on 18.72 kHz and one path centered on 20.0 kHz. The band-pass filtering can be accomplished in hardware or software.

FIG. 7 shows a wireless pet containment system transmitter 102 and an avoidance beacon 112. The wireless pet containment system transmitter transmits signal 704 at a first frequency. The avoidance beacon transmits signal 702 at a second frequency different from the first frequency. The receiver 104 then receives a combined signal 710 (which of course includes the lower-powered avoidance signal and the higher-powered containment signal). The receiver filters 712 and separates the combined signal into the containment signal 704 and the avoidance signal 702. The receiver circuitry (i.e. a containment signal analysis component) may then analyze 714 the containment signal to determine potential proximity to a containment boundary. The receiver circuitry (i.e. an avoidance signal analysis component) may also analyze 716 the avoidance signal. As indicated above, if it is determined that the avoidance signal is above a threshold, a stimulus is administered to the pet to discourage the pet from remaining in proximity to the avoidance beacon.

Again with reference to FIG. 1 , a wireless transmitter avoidance beacon 112 works in conjunction with a wireless pet containment system transmitter 102 to implement an avoidance area in which the pet should be corrected. The avoidance area 114 is located within a wireless pet containment region 108. The avoidance beacon and wireless pet containment system transmitter may broadcast data using direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), under an embodiment. In DSSS, every data bit is divided into a higher data rate using a pseudo random noise spreading code (otherwise known as chipping code). The codes used by the avoidance beacon and wireless pet containment system should be orthogonal thereby allowing the receiver to detect each signal in the presence of the other. The pet containment system receiver correlates the incoming signal(s) to the known pseudo random noise signal of the avoidance beacon and the known pseudo random noise signal of the of the wireless pet containment system to reconstruct the data-streams of each original signal. If the avoidance beacon data stream is detected, and it is determined that the signal is above a threshold, a stimulus is administered to the pet to discourage the pet from remaining in proximity to the avoidance beacon. Note, that the threshold may be zero, indicating any reception of the unique avoidance signal will cause a stimulus to be applied.

FIG. 8 shows a wireless pet containment signal 810 and Pseudonoise code #1 (PN1) 812. The containment signal and PN1 are XORed to produce transmitted signal 814. FIG. 8 show an avoidance signal 816 and Pseudonoise code #2 (PN2) 818. The avoidance signal and PN2 are XORed to produce transmitted signal 820.

FIG. 9 shows a containment signal 902 XORed 904 with PN1 906. The resulting signal is then modulated and transmitted 908. FIG. 9 also shows an avoidance signal 910 XORed 912 with PN2 914. The resulting signal is then modulated and transmitted 916. The receiver 918 then receives a combined signal comprising both transmitted signal 908 and transmitted signal 916. The received signal is then demodulated 920. The containment signal 922 is recovered through correlation 924 with PN1 926. The avoidance signal 928 is recovered through correlation 930 with PN2 932. PN codes are chosen so as to have low cross-correlation (i.e. low cross-correlation with other PN codes in a family) and high auto-correlation. When looking for PN code 1, and PN code 2 is arriving, there is never enough of a correlation to trigger a match. When looking for PN code 1, and PN code 1 is arriving, there is a high correlation peak when the signals overlap, even in the presence of other signals and/or noise.

A system is described herein comprising under an embodiment a first transmitter for transmitting a first signal at a first frequency. The system includes a second transmitter for transmitting a second signal at a second frequency. The system includes a collar unit comprising a receiver for receiving a combined signal, wherein the combined signal comprises the first signal and the second signal, wherein the receiver includes a first antenna for detecting the first signal and a second antenna for detecting the second signal, wherein the first antenna is tuned to the first frequency, wherein the second antenna is tuned to the second frequency. The system includes the collar unit comprising a stimulus unit, wherein the collar unit is configured for wear by an animal, wherein the stimulus unit is configured to deliver a stimulus to the animal. The system includes the collar unit comprising a first signal analysis component and a second signal analysis component. The system includes the first signal analysis component configured to analyze the first signal, wherein the analyzing the first signal comprises instructing the stimulus delivery unit to deliver a first stimulus to the animal when a first voltage of the first signal falls below a first threshold value. The system includes the second signal analysis component configured to analyze the second signal, wherein the analyzing the second signal comprises instructing the stimulus delivery unit to deliver a second stimulus to the animal when a second voltage of the second signal exceeds a second threshold value.

The receiver of an embodiment includes a first narrow-band band pass filter centered at the first frequency of the first detected signal for isolating the first detected signal from nearby signal frequencies.

The first frequency of an embodiment comprises 18.72 kilohertz.

The receiver of an embodiment includes a second narrow-band band pass filter centered at the second frequency of the second detected signal for isolating the second detected signal from nearby signal frequencies.

The second frequency of an embodiment comprises 20 kilohertz.

A first range of the first signal defines a first boundary of a containment area, wherein the delivery of the first stimulus discourages the animal from leaving the containment area, under an embodiment.

A second range of the second signal defines a second boundary of an avoidance region, wherein the delivery of the second stimulus discourages the animal from entering the avoidance area of an embodiment, under an embodiment.

The range of the first signal is greater than the range of the second signal, under an embodiment.

The second boundary of the avoidance region is located within the first boundary of the containment area, under an embodiment.

The first signal and the second signal comprise an electromagnetic signal, under an embodiment.

The first antenna and the second antenna comprise coil antennas, under an embodiment.

A system is described herein comprising under an embodiment a first transmitter for transmitting a first signal at a first frequency. The system includes a second transmitter for transmitting a second signal at a second frequency. The system includes a collar unit comprising a receiver for receiving a combined signal, wherein the combined signal comprises the first signal and the second signal, wherein the receiver comprises an antenna tuned to detect a range of frequencies including the first frequency and the second frequency. The system includes the receiver including a first filter and a second filter, the first filter configured to isolate the first signal from the combined signal, and the second filter configured to isolate the second signal from the combined signal. The system includes the collar unit comprising a stimulus unit, wherein the collar unit is configured for wear by an animal, wherein the stimulus unit is configured to deliver a stimulus to the animal. The system includes the collar unit comprising a first signal analysis component and a second signal analysis component. The system includes the first signal analysis component configured to analyze the first signal, wherein the analyzing the first signal comprises instructing the stimulus delivery unit to deliver a first stimulus to the animal when a first voltage of the first signal falls below a first threshold value. The system includes the second signal analysis component configured to analyze the second signal, wherein the analyzing the second signal comprises instructing the stimulus delivery unit to deliver a second stimulus to the animal when a second voltage of the second signal exceeds a second threshold value.

The first filter of an embodiment applies a first narrow-band band pass filter centered at the first frequency to the combined signal to isolate the first signal.

The first frequency of an embodiment comprises 18.72 kilohertz.

The second filter applies a second narrow-band band pass filter centered at the second frequency to the combined signal to isolate the second signal, under an embodiment.

The second frequency of an embodiment comprises 20 kilohertz.

A first range of the first signal defines a first boundary of a containment area, wherein the delivery of the first stimulus discourages the animal from leaving the containment area, under an embodiment.

A second range of the second signal defines a second boundary of an avoidance region, wherein the delivery of the second stimulus discourages the animal from entering the avoidance area, under an embodiment.

The range of the first signal is greater than the range of the second signal, under an embodiment.

The second boundary of an avoidance region is located within the first boundary of the containment area, under an embodiment.

The first signal and the second signal comprise an electromagnetic signal, under an embodiment.

The first antenna and the second antenna comprise coil antennas, under an embodiment.

A system is described herein comprising under an embodiment a first transmitter for transmitting a first signal, wherein the first signal comprises periodic transmissions of first data packets. The system includes a second transmitter for transmitting a second signal, wherein the second transmitter comprises a first receiver for monitoring the first signal to identify gap periods between the periodic transmissions of the first data packets, wherein the second transmitter is configured to use information of the gap periods to transmit a second signal during the gap periods. The system includes a collar unit comprising a second receiver for receiving a combined signal, wherein the combined signal comprises the first signal and the second signal, wherein the second receiver comprises a filter configured to filter the first signal and the second signal from the combined signal, wherein the filtering includes identifying the gap periods in the first signal, wherein the filtering includes using information of the gap periods to separate the first signal and the second signal. The system includes the collar unit comprising a stimulus unit, wherein the collar unit is configured for wear by an animal, wherein the stimulus unit is configured to deliver a stimulus to the animal. The system includes the collar unit comprising a first signal analysis component and a second signal analysis component. The system includes the first signal analysis component configured to analyze the first filtered signal, wherein the analyzing the first filtered signal comprises instructing the stimulus delivery unit to deliver a first stimulus to the animal when a first voltage of the first filtered signal falls below a first threshold value. The system includes the second signal analysis component configured to analyze the second filtered signal, wherein the analyzing the second filtered signal comprises instructing the stimulus delivery unit to deliver a second stimulus to the animal when a second voltage of the second filtered signal exceeds a second threshold value.

The second receiver identifying the gap periods includes identifying start of packet indicators and end of packet indicators of the first data packets in the first signal, wherein a start of packet indicator indicates a beginning of a first data packet of the first data packets, where an end of packet indicator indicates an end of a first data packet of the first data packets, under an embodiment.

The filter identifying the gap periods includes timing durations of data packet transmissions in the combined signal and identifying data packets as the first data packets when the data packets comprise a known duration under an embodiment.

The filter identifying the gap periods includes identifying the gap periods as periods of time between the identified first data packets, under an embodiment.

The first transmitter modulates first information onto the first signal using a modulation method, wherein the first information identifies the first signal, under an embodiment.

The filter identifying the gap periods includes demodulating the combined signal and using the first information to identify the first signal, under an embodiment.

The filter identifying the gap periods includes identifying the gap periods as periods of time between the demodulated first data packets, under an embodiment.

A first range of the first signal defines a first boundary of a containment area, wherein the delivery of the first stimulus discourages the animal from leaving the containment area, under an embodiment.

A second range of the second signal defines a second boundary of an avoidance region, wherein the delivery of the second stimulus discourages the animal from entering the avoidance area, under an embodiment.

The range of the first signal is greater than the range of the second signal, under an embodiment.

The second boundary of an avoidance region is located within the first boundary of the containment area, under an embodiment.

The first signal and the second signal comprise an electromagnetic signal, under an embodiment.

The first antenna and the second antenna comprise coil antennas, under an embodiment.

Computer networks suitable for use with the embodiments described herein include local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), Internet, or other connection services and network variations such as the world wide web, the public internet, a private internet, a private computer network, a public network, a mobile network, a cellular network, a value-added network, and the like. Computing devices coupled or connected to the network may be any microprocessor controlled device that permits access to the network, including terminal devices, such as personal computers, workstations, servers, mini computers, main-frame computers, laptop computers, mobile computers, palm top computers, hand held computers, mobile phones, TV set-top boxes, or combinations thereof. The computer network may include one of more LANs, WANs, Internets, and computers. The computers may serve as servers, clients, or a combination thereof.

The systems, methods, and apparatus for establishing keep out zones within wireless containment regions can be a component of a single system, multiple systems, and/or geographically separate systems. The systems, methods, and apparatus for establishing keep out zones within wireless containment regions can also be a subcomponent or subsystem of a single system, multiple systems, and/or geographically separate systems. The components of systems, methods, and apparatus for establishing keep out zones within wireless containment regions can be coupled to one or more other components (not shown) of a host system or a system coupled to the host system.

One or more components of the systems, methods, and apparatus for establishing keep out zones within wireless containment regions and/or a corresponding interface, system or application to which the systems, methods, and apparatus for establishing keep out zones within wireless containment regions is coupled or connected includes and/or runs under and/or in association with a processing system. The processing system includes any collection of processor-based devices or computing devices operating together, or components of processing systems or devices, as is known in the art. For example, the processing system can include one or more of a portable computer, portable communication device operating in a communication network, and/or a network server. The portable computer can be any of a number and/or combination of devices selected from among personal computers, personal digital assistants, portable computing devices, and portable communication devices, but is not so limited. The processing system can include components within a larger computer system.

The processing system of an embodiment includes at least one processor and at least one memory device or subsystem. The processing system can also include or be coupled to at least one database. The term “processor” as generally used herein refers to any logic processing unit, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), etc. The processor and memory can be monolithically integrated onto a single chip, distributed among a number of chips or components, and/or provided by some combination of algorithms. The methods described herein can be implemented in one or more of software algorithm(s), programs, firmware, hardware, components, circuitry, in any combination.

The components of any system that include the systems, methods, and apparatus for establishing keep out zones within wireless containment regions can be located together or in separate locations. Communication paths couple the components and include any medium for communicating or transferring files among the components. The communication paths include wireless connections, wired connections, and hybrid wireless/wired connections. The communication paths also include couplings or connections to networks including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), proprietary networks, interoffice or backend networks, and the Internet. Furthermore, the communication paths include removable fixed mediums like floppy disks, hard disk drives, and CD-ROM disks, as well as flash RAM, Universal Serial Bus (USB) connections, RS-232 connections, telephone lines, buses, and electronic mail messages.

Aspects of the systems, methods, and apparatus for establishing keep out zones within wireless containment regions and corresponding systems and methods described herein may be implemented as functionality programmed into any of a variety of circuitry, including programmable logic devices (PLDs), such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable array logic (PAL) devices, electrically programmable logic and memory devices and standard cell-based devices, as well as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Some other possibilities for implementing aspects of the systems, methods, and apparatus for establishing keep out zones within wireless containment regions and corresponding systems and methods include: microcontrollers with memory (such as electronically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM)), embedded microprocessors, firmware, software, etc. Furthermore, aspects of the systems, methods, and apparatus for establishing keep out zones within wireless containment regions and corresponding systems and methods may be embodied in microprocessors having software-based circuit emulation, discrete logic (sequential and combinatorial), custom devices, fuzzy (neural) logic, quantum devices, and hybrids of any of the above device types. Of course the underlying device technologies may be provided in a variety of component types, e.g., metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) technologies like complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS), bipolar technologies like emitter-coupled logic (ECL), polymer technologies (e.g., silicon-conjugated polymer and metal-conjugated polymer-metal structures), mixed analog and digital, etc.

It should be noted that any system, method, and/or other components disclosed herein may be described using computer aided design tools and expressed (or represented), as data and/or instructions embodied in various computer-readable media, in terms of their behavioral, register transfer, logic component, transistor, layout geometries, and/or other characteristics. Computer-readable media in which such formatted data and/or instructions may be embodied include, but are not limited to, non-volatile storage media in various forms (e.g., optical, magnetic or semiconductor storage media) and carrier waves that may be used to transfer such formatted data and/or instructions through wireless, optical, or wired signaling media or any combination thereof. Examples of transfers of such formatted data and/or instructions by carrier waves include, but are not limited to, transfers (uploads, downloads, e-mail, etc.) over the Internet and/or other computer networks via one or more data transfer protocols (e.g., HTTP, FTP, SMTP, etc.). When received within a computer system via one or more computer-readable media, such data and/or instruction-based expressions of the above described components may be processed by a processing entity (e.g., one or more processors) within the computer system in conjunction with execution of one or more other computer programs.

Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in a sense of “including, but not limited to.” Words using the singular or plural number also include the plural or singular number respectively. Additionally, the words “herein,” “hereunder,” “above,” “below,” and words of similar import, when used in this application, refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. When the word “or” is used in reference to a list of two or more items, that word covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list and any combination of the items in the list.

The above description of embodiments of the systems, methods, and apparatus for establishing keep out zones within wireless containment regions is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the systems and methods to the precise forms disclosed. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the systems, methods, and apparatus for establishing keep out zones within wireless containment regions and corresponding systems and methods are described herein for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the systems and methods, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. The teachings of the systems, methods, and apparatus for establishing keep out zones within wireless containment regions and corresponding systems and methods provided herein can be applied to other systems and methods, not only for the systems and methods described above.

The elements and acts of the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. These and other changes can be made to the systems, methods, and apparatus for establishing keep out zones within wireless containment regions and corresponding systems and methods in light of the above detailed description. 

1. A system comprising, a first transmitter for transmitting a first signal at a first frequency; a second transmitter for transmitting a second signal at a second frequency; a collar unit comprising a receiver for receiving a combined signal, wherein the combined signal comprises the first signal and the second signal, wherein the receiver includes a first antenna for detecting the first signal and a second antenna for detecting the second signal, wherein the first antenna is tuned to the first frequency, wherein the second antenna is tuned to the second frequency; the collar unit comprising a stimulus unit, wherein the collar unit is configured for wear by an animal, wherein the stimulus unit is configured to deliver a stimulus to the animal; the collar unit comprising a first signal analysis component and a second signal analysis component; the first signal analysis component configured to analyze the first signal, wherein the analyzing the first signal comprises instructing the stimulus delivery unit to deliver a first stimulus to the animal when a first voltage of the first signal falls below a first threshold value; and the second signal analysis component configured to analyze the second signal, wherein the analyzing the second signal comprises instructing the stimulus delivery unit to deliver a second stimulus to the animal when a second voltage of the second signal exceeds a second threshold value.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the receiver includes a first narrow-band band pass filter centered at the first frequency of the first detected signal for isolating the first detected signal from nearby signal frequencies.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the first frequency comprises 18.72 kilohertz.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the receiver includes a second narrow-band band pass filter centered at the second frequency of the second detected signal for isolating the second detected signal from nearby signal frequencies.
 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the second frequency comprises 20 kilohertz.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein a first range of the first signal defines a first boundary of a containment area, wherein the delivery of the first stimulus discourages the animal from leaving the containment area.
 7. The system of claim 6, wherein a second range of the second signal defines a second boundary of an avoidance region, wherein the delivery of the second stimulus discourages the animal from entering the avoidance area.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the range of the first signal is greater than the range of the second signal.
 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the second boundary of the avoidance region is located within the first boundary of the containment area.
 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the first signal and the second signal comprise an electromagnetic signal.
 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the first antenna and the second antenna comprise coil antennas.
 12. A system comprising, a first transmitter for transmitting a first signal at a first frequency; a second transmitter for transmitting a second signal at a second frequency; a collar unit comprising a receiver for receiving a combined signal, wherein the combined signal comprises the first signal and the second signal, wherein the receiver comprises an antenna tuned to detect a range of frequencies including the first frequency and the second frequency; the receiver including a first filter and a second filter, the first filter configured to isolate the first signal from the combined signal, and the second filter configured to isolate the second signal from the combined signal; the collar unit comprising a stimulus unit, wherein the collar unit is configured for wear by an animal, wherein the stimulus unit is configured to deliver a stimulus to the animal; the collar unit comprising a first signal analysis component and a second signal analysis component; the first signal analysis component configured to analyze the first signal, wherein the analyzing the first signal comprises instructing the stimulus delivery unit to deliver a first stimulus to the animal when a first voltage of the first signal falls below a first threshold value; and the second signal analysis component configured to analyze the second signal, wherein the analyzing the second signal comprises instructing the stimulus delivery unit to deliver a second stimulus to the animal when a second voltage of the second signal exceeds a second threshold value.
 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the first filter applies a first narrow-band band pass filter centered at the first frequency to the combined signal to isolate the first signal.
 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the first frequency comprises 18.72 kilohertz.
 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the second filter applies a second narrow-band band pass filter centered at the second frequency to the combined signal to isolate the second signal.
 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the second frequency comprises 20 kilohertz.
 17. The system of claim 12, wherein a first range of the first signal defines a first boundary of a containment area, wherein the delivery of the first stimulus discourages the animal from leaving the containment area.
 18. The system of claim 17, wherein a second range of the second signal defines a second boundary of an avoidance region, wherein the delivery of the second stimulus discourages the animal from entering the avoidance area.
 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the range of the first signal is greater than the range of the second signal.
 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the second boundary of an avoidance region is located within the first boundary of the containment area.
 21. The system of claim 12, wherein the first signal and the second signal comprise an electromagnetic signal.
 22. The system of claim 12, wherein the first antenna and the second antenna comprise coil antennas. 23-35. (canceled) 